Not Spanish! The indigenous Mayan language Q'eqchi' (also written Kekchi) is the mother tongue of 75% of the population, followed by Spanish at 15%, and Poqomchi ' (Pokomchi) at 10%.  Guatemala recognizes 25 official languages: Spanish, 22 Mayan languages, Xinca, and Garifuna.  Q'eqchi' speakers and Poqomchi' speakers generally communicate in Spanish, because their languages are only distantly related. 
Spanish is dominant, and all children who attend school learn Spanish.  But one source estimates that 7% of Guatemala's population doesn't speak Spanish fluently, predominantly older rural women.

Not Spanish!  Germans.  During the period known as La Reforma  following the Liberal Revolution of 1871, traditional land tenure was abolished and indigenous peoples' subsistence lands were confiscated and auctioned.   President Justo Rufino Barrios invited Germans to bid for land and establish coffee plantations.

Neither! Coffee is not native to Guatemala and was not cultivated extensively before the 1860s..  It was always intended for export, not local consumption.  Some sources describe indigenous coffee workers drinking tall glasses of weak, sweet coffee after it was introduced.

Guatemala has 18 million inhabitants (2020), and Alta Verapaz, with 1.45 million inhabitants, is the second most populous of Guatemala's 22 departments.  About 90% of residents identify as indigenous vs. 40% in Guatemala as a whole.  Thus about 15% of Guatemala's indigenous live in Alta Verapaz. 

"Alta Verapaz" means "High True-Peace".  The Spanish encountered stiff resistance in the region in the early days of colonization; in fact, it was known as Tuzulutlan, "The Land of War".  In 1537, priest Frey Bartolomé de las Casas proposed to subjugate the people by persuading them to convert voluntarily to Christianity.  He was successful, and the area became known as Verapaz.  Verapaz was subsequently subdivided.

Guatemala is a poor country, and the wealth it has is very unequally distributed. Alta Verapaz is part of a "poverty belt" that extends east and west from Alta Verapaz to both Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Economists typically use three poverty measures: raw poverty rate, which is the fraction of the population living below a defined poverty line; poverty gap, the difference between the average income of the poor and the poverty line, and extreme poverty rate, which is the fraction of the population falling below the income needed to purchase bare necessities such as survival calories.  Alta Verapaz trails all other departments (states) in all three measures.  The Human Development Index (HDI) is another economic measure assessing overall quality of life. In Guatemala overall, the HDI of indigenous citizens is 0.4, and 0.55 for non-indigenous, so the Inequality Adjusted HDI (IHDI) of Guatemala is 0.49, and AV's IHDI can be estimated at 0.42, although these statistics were compiled pre-COVID, which has been devastating for Guatemala's economy.  By contrast, Bolivia's IHDI is 0.55 -- equal to Guatemala's non-indigenous -- and the US HDI is 0.93.

Never!  There never was a Mayan Empire.  Unlike the Inca and Aztecs, the Mayan Civilization at its height consisted of a set of independent, frequently warring, city-states.  The civilization declined gradually, and it's difficult to pick a specific event and date, even though the Maya city-states meticulously chronicled their history in stone monuments. Many cities were abandoned in the Ninth Century.  The last city,  Nojpetén, fell to the Spanish in 1697 or 186 years after their arrival.  Of course, the Maya and their culture live on in Guatemala, Belize, and southern Mexico.

Not chili peppers!  Cardamom is a major export for Guatemala.  Guatemala produces 56% of the world's exports, and 70% of that 56% (or about 39% of the world's total) comes from Alta Verapaz.  Saudi Arabia leads importers at 20%.  Guatemala's predominance is partly due to Saudi Arabia's suspension of imports from India due to high pesticide levels in 2019.

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